Utilisez simplement file
:
$ file /usr/bin/add-apt-repository
/usr/bin/add-apt-repository: Python script, ASCII text executable
$ file /usr/bin/ab
/usr/bin/ab: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=569314a9c4458e72e4ac66cb043e9a1fdf0b55b7, stripped
Comme expliqué dans man file
:
NAME
file — determine file type
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents version 5.14 of the file command.
file tests each argument in an attempt to classify it. There are three
sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic tests,
and language tests. The first test that succeeds causes the file type to
be printed.
The type printed will usually contain one of the words text (the file
contains only printing characters and a few common control characters and
is probably safe to read on an ASCII terminal), executable (the file con‐
tains the result of compiling a program in a form understandable to some
UNIX kernel or another), or data meaning anything else (data is usually
“binary” or non-printable). Exceptions are well-known file formats (core
files, tar archives) that are known to contain binary data. When adding
local definitions to /etc/magic, make sure to preserve these keywords.
Users depend on knowing that all the readable files in a directory have
the word “text” printed. Don't do as Berkeley did and change “shell
commands text” to “shell script”.
Vous pouvez également utiliser une astuce pour l'exécuter directement sur le nom de l'exécutable dans votre $PATH
:
$ file $(type -p add-apt-repository | awk '{print $NF}')
/usr/local/bin/add-apt-repository: Python script, ASCII text executable
$ file $(type -p ab | awk '{print $NF}')
/usr/bin/ab: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=569314a9c4458e72e4ac66cb043e9a1fdf0b55b7, stripped
Pour trouver le type de fichier de tous les exécutables que vous pouvez trouver dans les répertoires de votre $PATH
, vous pouvez faire ceci:
find $(printf "$PATH" | sed 's/:/ /g') -type f | xargs file
Et pour exécuter file
sur tous les fichiers dans un répertoire particulier ( /usr/bin
, par exemple), il suffit de faire
file /usr/bin/*
file
chaque fichier pour voir de quel type de fichier s'agit-il. Existe-t-il une méthode simple pour tous les fichiers?