Vous pouvez utiliser valgrind
pour le déboguer.
int main()
{
char *x = malloc(100);
free(x);
free(x);
return 0;
}
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ vim t1.c
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ cc -g t1.c -o t1
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ ./t1
*** glibc detected *** ./t1: double free or corruption (top): 0x00000000058f7010 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib64/libc.so.6[0x3a3127245f]
/lib64/libc.so.6(cfree+0x4b)[0x3a312728bb]
./t1[0x400500]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf4)[0x3a3121d994]
./t1[0x400429]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 68:02 30246184 /home/sand/testbox/t1
00600000-00601000 rw-p 00000000 68:02 30246184 /home/sand/testbox/t1
058f7000-05918000 rw-p 058f7000 00:00 0 [heap]
3a30e00000-3a30e1c000 r-xp 00000000 68:03 5308733 /lib64/ld-2.5.so
3a3101b000-3a3101c000 r--p 0001b000 68:03 5308733 /lib64/ld-2.5.so
3a3101c000-3a3101d000 rw-p 0001c000 68:03 5308733 /lib64/ld-2.5.so
3a31200000-3a3134e000 r-xp 00000000 68:03 5310248 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
3a3134e000-3a3154e000 ---p 0014e000 68:03 5310248 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
3a3154e000-3a31552000 r--p 0014e000 68:03 5310248 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
3a31552000-3a31553000 rw-p 00152000 68:03 5310248 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
3a31553000-3a31558000 rw-p 3a31553000 00:00 0
3a41c00000-3a41c0d000 r-xp 00000000 68:03 5310264 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.1.2-20080825.so.1
3a41c0d000-3a41e0d000 ---p 0000d000 68:03 5310264 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.1.2-20080825.so.1
3a41e0d000-3a41e0e000 rw-p 0000d000 68:03 5310264 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.1.2-20080825.so.1
2b1912300000-2b1912302000 rw-p 2b1912300000 00:00 0
2b191231c000-2b191231d000 rw-p 2b191231c000 00:00 0
7ffffe214000-7ffffe229000 rw-p 7ffffffe9000 00:00 0 [stack]
7ffffe2b0000-7ffffe2b4000 r-xp 7ffffe2b0000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffffe00000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
Aborted
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ vim t1.c
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ cc -g t1.c -o t1
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ valgrind --tool=memcheck ./t1
==20859== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==20859== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==20859== Using Valgrind-3.5.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==20859== Command: ./t1
==20859==
==20859== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==20859== at 0x4A05A31: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==20859== by 0x4004FF: main (t1.c:8)
==20859== Address 0x4c26040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 100 free'd
==20859== at 0x4A05A31: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==20859== by 0x4004F6: main (t1.c:7)
==20859==
==20859==
==20859== HEAP SUMMARY:
==20859== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==20859== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 2 frees, 100 bytes allocated
==20859==
==20859== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==20859==
==20859== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==20859== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./t1
==20899== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==20899== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==20899== Using Valgrind-3.5.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==20899== Command: ./t1
==20899==
==20899== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==20899== at 0x4A05A31: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==20899== by 0x4004FF: main (t1.c:8)
==20899== Address 0x4c26040 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 100 free'd
==20899== at 0x4A05A31: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==20899== by 0x4004F6: main (t1.c:7)
==20899==
==20899==
==20899== HEAP SUMMARY:
==20899== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==20899== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 2 frees, 100 bytes allocated
==20899==
==20899== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==20899==
==20899== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==20899== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$
Une solution possible:
int main()
{
char *x = malloc(100);
free(x);
x=NULL;
free(x);
return 0;
}
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ vim t1.c
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ cc -g t1.c -o t1
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ ./t1
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./t1
==20958== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==20958== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==20958== Using Valgrind-3.5.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==20958== Command: ./t1
==20958==
==20958==
==20958== HEAP SUMMARY:
==20958== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==20958== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 100 bytes allocated
==20958==
==20958== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==20958==
==20958== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==20958== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)
[sand@PS-CNTOS-64-S11 testbox]$
Consultez le blog sur l'utilisation de Valgrind Link
NULL
pointeurs (qui masquent les erreurs qui sont autrement capturées, comme le montre bien cette question), mais personne ne suggère de ne pas faire du tout de gestion manuelle de la mémoire, ce qui est très bien possible en C ++. Je n'ai pas écritdelete
depuis des années. (Et, oui, mon code est critique pour les performances. Sinon, il n'aurait pas été écrit en C ++.)