Quelle est la meilleure structure de données pouvant être utilisée pour implémenter un arbre binaire en Python?
Quelle est la meilleure structure de données pouvant être utilisée pour implémenter un arbre binaire en Python?
Réponses:
Voici ma simple implémentation récursive de l'arbre de recherche binaire.
#!/usr/bin/python
class Node:
def __init__(self, val):
self.l = None
self.r = None
self.v = val
class Tree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def getRoot(self):
return self.root
def add(self, val):
if self.root is None:
self.root = Node(val)
else:
self._add(val, self.root)
def _add(self, val, node):
if val < node.v:
if node.l is not None:
self._add(val, node.l)
else:
node.l = Node(val)
else:
if node.r is not None:
self._add(val, node.r)
else:
node.r = Node(val)
def find(self, val):
if self.root is not None:
return self._find(val, self.root)
else:
return None
def _find(self, val, node):
if val == node.v:
return node
elif (val < node.v and node.l is not None):
self._find(val, node.l)
elif (val > node.v and node.r is not None):
self._find(val, node.r)
def deleteTree(self):
# garbage collector will do this for us.
self.root = None
def printTree(self):
if self.root is not None:
self._printTree(self.root)
def _printTree(self, node):
if node is not None:
self._printTree(node.l)
print(str(node.v) + ' ')
self._printTree(node.r)
# 3
# 0 4
# 2 8
tree = Tree()
tree.add(3)
tree.add(4)
tree.add(0)
tree.add(8)
tree.add(2)
tree.printTree()
print(tree.find(3).v)
print(tree.find(10))
tree.deleteTree()
tree.printTree()
node is not None
place de votre (node!=None)
. En outre, vous pouvez utiliser la __str__
fonction au lieu de la méthode printTree.
def _find(self, val, node): if(val == node.v): return node elif(val < node.v and node.l != None): return self._find(val, node.l) elif(val > node.v and node.r != None): return self._find(val, node.r)
left<=root<=right
?
# simple binary tree
# in this implementation, a node is inserted between an existing node and the root
class BinaryTree():
def __init__(self,rootid):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.rootid = rootid
def getLeftChild(self):
return self.left
def getRightChild(self):
return self.right
def setNodeValue(self,value):
self.rootid = value
def getNodeValue(self):
return self.rootid
def insertRight(self,newNode):
if self.right == None:
self.right = BinaryTree(newNode)
else:
tree = BinaryTree(newNode)
tree.right = self.right
self.right = tree
def insertLeft(self,newNode):
if self.left == None:
self.left = BinaryTree(newNode)
else:
tree = BinaryTree(newNode)
tree.left = self.left
self.left = tree
def printTree(tree):
if tree != None:
printTree(tree.getLeftChild())
print(tree.getNodeValue())
printTree(tree.getRightChild())
# test tree
def testTree():
myTree = BinaryTree("Maud")
myTree.insertLeft("Bob")
myTree.insertRight("Tony")
myTree.insertRight("Steven")
printTree(myTree)
En savoir plus ici: -Il s'agit d'une implémentation très simple d'un arbre binaire.
Ceci est un beau tutoriel avec des questions entre les deux
insertLeft
est cassé et produira une boucle infinie sur toute tentative de traverser récursivement la branche la plus à gauche de l'arbre binaire
[Ce dont vous avez besoin pour les interviews] Une classe Node est la structure de données suffisante pour représenter un arbre binaire.
(Alors que les autres réponses sont pour la plupart correctes, elles ne sont pas nécessaires pour un arbre binaire: pas besoin d'étendre la classe d'objets, pas besoin d'être un BST, pas besoin d'importer deque).
class Node:
def __init__(self, value = None):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.value = value
Voici un exemple d'arbre:
n1 = Node(1)
n2 = Node(2)
n3 = Node(3)
n1.left = n2
n1.right = n3
Dans cet exemple, n1 est la racine de l'arbre ayant n2, n3 comme enfants.
Implémentation simple de BST en Python
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, value):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.data = value
class Tree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def addNode(self, node, value):
if(node==None):
self.root = TreeNode(value)
else:
if(value<node.data):
if(node.left==None):
node.left = TreeNode(value)
else:
self.addNode(node.left, value)
else:
if(node.right==None):
node.right = TreeNode(value)
else:
self.addNode(node.right, value)
def printInorder(self, node):
if(node!=None):
self.printInorder(node.left)
print(node.data)
self.printInorder(node.right)
def main():
testTree = Tree()
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 200)
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 300)
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 100)
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 30)
testTree.printInorder(testTree.root)
Une manière très rapide d'implémenter un arbre binaire en utilisant des listes. Ce n'est pas le plus efficace et il ne gère pas trop bien les valeurs nulles. Mais c'est très transparent (du moins pour moi):
def _add(node, v):
new = [v, [], []]
if node:
left, right = node[1:]
if not left:
left.extend(new)
elif not right:
right.extend(new)
else:
_add(left, v)
else:
node.extend(new)
def binary_tree(s):
root = []
for e in s:
_add(root, e)
return root
def traverse(n, order):
if n:
v = n[0]
if order == 'pre':
yield v
for left in traverse(n[1], order):
yield left
if order == 'in':
yield v
for right in traverse(n[2], order):
yield right
if order == 'post':
yield v
Construire un arbre à partir d'un itérable:
>>> tree = binary_tree('A B C D E'.split())
>>> print tree
['A', ['B', ['D', [], []], ['E', [], []]], ['C', [], []]]
Traverser un arbre:
>>> list(traverse(tree, 'pre')), list(traverse(tree, 'in')), list(traverse(tree, 'post'))
(['A', 'B', 'D', 'E', 'C'],
['D', 'B', 'E', 'A', 'C'],
['D', 'E', 'B', 'C', 'A'])
Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de remarquer que la plupart des réponses ici implémentent un arbre de recherche binaire. Arbre de recherche binaire! = Arbre binaire.
Un arbre de recherche binaire a une propriété très spécifique: pour tout nœud X, la clé de X est plus grande que la clé de tout descendant de son enfant gauche, et plus petite que la clé de tout descendant de son enfant droit.
Un arbre binaire n'impose aucune restriction de ce type. Un arbre binaire est simplement une structure de données avec un élément «clé» et deux enfants, disons «gauche» et «droite».
Un arbre est un cas encore plus général d'arbre binaire où chaque nœud peut avoir un nombre arbitraire d'enfants. En règle générale, chaque nœud a un élément 'children' qui est de type liste / tableau.
Maintenant, pour répondre à la question du PO, j'inclus une implémentation complète d'un arbre binaire en Python. La structure de données sous-jacente stockant chaque BinaryTreeNode est un dictionnaire, étant donné qu'elle offre des recherches O (1) optimales. J'ai également implémenté des traversées en profondeur d'abord et en largeur d'abord. Ce sont des opérations très courantes effectuées sur les arbres.
from collections import deque
class BinaryTreeNode:
def __init__(self, key, left=None, right=None):
self.key = key
self.left = left
self.right = right
def __repr__(self):
return "%s l: (%s) r: (%s)" % (self.key, self.left, self.right)
def __eq__(self, other):
if self.key == other.key and \
self.right == other.right and \
self.left == other.left:
return True
else:
return False
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self, root_key=None):
# maps from BinaryTreeNode key to BinaryTreeNode instance.
# Thus, BinaryTreeNode keys must be unique.
self.nodes = {}
if root_key is not None:
# create a root BinaryTreeNode
self.root = BinaryTreeNode(root_key)
self.nodes[root_key] = self.root
def add(self, key, left_key=None, right_key=None):
if key not in self.nodes:
# BinaryTreeNode with given key does not exist, create it
self.nodes[key] = BinaryTreeNode(key)
# invariant: self.nodes[key] exists
# handle left child
if left_key is None:
self.nodes[key].left = None
else:
if left_key not in self.nodes:
self.nodes[left_key] = BinaryTreeNode(left_key)
# invariant: self.nodes[left_key] exists
self.nodes[key].left = self.nodes[left_key]
# handle right child
if right_key == None:
self.nodes[key].right = None
else:
if right_key not in self.nodes:
self.nodes[right_key] = BinaryTreeNode(right_key)
# invariant: self.nodes[right_key] exists
self.nodes[key].right = self.nodes[right_key]
def remove(self, key):
if key not in self.nodes:
raise ValueError('%s not in tree' % key)
# remove key from the list of nodes
del self.nodes[key]
# if node removed is left/right child, update parent node
for k in self.nodes:
if self.nodes[k].left and self.nodes[k].left.key == key:
self.nodes[k].left = None
if self.nodes[k].right and self.nodes[k].right.key == key:
self.nodes[k].right = None
return True
def _height(self, node):
if node is None:
return 0
else:
return 1 + max(self._height(node.left), self._height(node.right))
def height(self):
return self._height(self.root)
def size(self):
return len(self.nodes)
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.traverse_inorder(self.root))
def bfs(self, node):
if not node or node not in self.nodes:
return
reachable = []
q = deque()
# add starting node to queue
q.append(node)
while len(q):
visit = q.popleft()
# add currently visited BinaryTreeNode to list
reachable.append(visit)
# add left/right children as needed
if visit.left:
q.append(visit.left)
if visit.right:
q.append(visit.right)
return reachable
# visit left child, root, then right child
def traverse_inorder(self, node, reachable=None):
if not node or node.key not in self.nodes:
return
if reachable is None:
reachable = []
self.traverse_inorder(node.left, reachable)
reachable.append(node.key)
self.traverse_inorder(node.right, reachable)
return reachable
# visit left and right children, then root
# root of tree is always last to be visited
def traverse_postorder(self, node, reachable=None):
if not node or node.key not in self.nodes:
return
if reachable is None:
reachable = []
self.traverse_postorder(node.left, reachable)
self.traverse_postorder(node.right, reachable)
reachable.append(node.key)
return reachable
# visit root, left, then right children
# root is always visited first
def traverse_preorder(self, node, reachable=None):
if not node or node.key not in self.nodes:
return
if reachable is None:
reachable = []
reachable.append(node.key)
self.traverse_preorder(node.left, reachable)
self.traverse_preorder(node.right, reachable)
return reachable
vous n'avez pas besoin d'avoir deux cours
class Tree:
val = None
left = None
right = None
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
def insert(self, val):
if self.val is not None:
if val < self.val:
if self.left is not None:
self.left.insert(val)
else:
self.left = Tree(val)
elif val > self.val:
if self.right is not None:
self.right.insert(val)
else:
self.right = Tree(val)
else:
return
else:
self.val = val
print("new node added")
def showTree(self):
if self.left is not None:
self.left.showTree()
print(self.val, end = ' ')
if self.right is not None:
self.right.showTree()
Un peu plus "pythonique"?
class Node:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
self.left = None
self.right = None
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.value)
class BST:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def __repr__(self):
self.sorted = []
self.get_inorder(self.root)
return str(self.sorted)
def get_inorder(self, node):
if node:
self.get_inorder(node.left)
self.sorted.append(str(node.value))
self.get_inorder(node.right)
def add(self, value):
if not self.root:
self.root = Node(value)
else:
self._add(self.root, value)
def _add(self, node, value):
if value <= node.value:
if node.left:
self._add(node.left, value)
else:
node.left = Node(value)
else:
if node.right:
self._add(node.right, value)
else:
node.right = Node(value)
from random import randint
bst = BST()
for i in range(100):
bst.add(randint(1, 1000))
print (bst)
#!/usr/bin/python
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self, left, right, data):
self.left = left
self.right = right
self.data = data
def pre_order_traversal(root):
print(root.data, end=' ')
if root.left != None:
pre_order_traversal(root.left)
if root.right != None:
pre_order_traversal(root.right)
def in_order_traversal(root):
if root.left != None:
in_order_traversal(root.left)
print(root.data, end=' ')
if root.right != None:
in_order_traversal(root.right)
def post_order_traversal(root):
if root.left != None:
post_order_traversal(root.left)
if root.right != None:
post_order_traversal(root.right)
print(root.data, end=' ')
Une Node
classe basée sur des nœuds connectés est une approche standard. Ceux-ci peuvent être difficiles à visualiser.
Motivé par un essai sur les modèles Python - Implémentation de graphiques , considérez un dictionnaire simple:
Donné
Un arbre binaire
a
/ \
b c
/ \ \
d e f
Code
Créez un dictionnaire de nœuds uniques :
tree = {
"a": ["b", "c"],
"b": ["d", "e"],
"c": [None, "f"],
"d": [None, None],
"e": [None, None],
"f": [None, None],
}
Détails
find_all_paths()
).Les fonctions basées sur une arborescence incluent souvent les opérations courantes suivantes:
Essayez de mettre en œuvre toutes ces opérations. Ici, nous démontrons l' une de ces fonctions - un parcours BFS:
Exemple
import collections as ct
def traverse(tree):
"""Yield nodes from a tree via BFS."""
q = ct.deque() # 1
root = next(iter(tree)) # 2
q.append(root)
while q:
node = q.popleft()
children = filter(None, tree.get(node))
for n in children: # 3
q.append(n)
yield node
list(traverse(tree))
# ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
Il s'agit d'un algorithme de recherche en largeur (ordre de niveau) appliqué à un dict de nœuds et d'enfants.
deque
, mais a queue
ou a list
fonctionne (ce dernier est inefficace).Voir également ce didacticiel détaillé sur les arbres.
Perspicacité
Quelque chose de génial à propos des traversées en général, nous pouvons facilement modifier cette dernière approche itérative de la recherche en profondeur d'abord (DFS) en remplaçant simplement la file d'attente par une pile (alias LIFO Queue). Cela signifie simplement que nous sortons de la file d'attente du même côté que nous mettons en file d'attente. DFS nous permet de rechercher chaque branche.
Comment? Puisque nous utilisons a deque
, nous pouvons émuler une pile en modifiantnode = q.popleft()
en node = q.pop()
(à droite). Le résultat est un droit favorisée, précommandé DFS : ['a', 'c', 'f', 'b', 'e', 'd']
.
import random
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, key):
self.key = key
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.p = None
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def length(self):
return self.size
def inorder(self, node):
if node == None:
return None
else:
self.inorder(node.left)
print node.key,
self.inorder(node.right)
def search(self, k):
node = self.root
while node != None:
if node.key == k:
return node
if node.key > k:
node = node.left
else:
node = node.right
return None
def minimum(self, node):
x = None
while node.left != None:
x = node.left
node = node.left
return x
def maximum(self, node):
x = None
while node.right != None:
x = node.right
node = node.right
return x
def successor(self, node):
parent = None
if node.right != None:
return self.minimum(node.right)
parent = node.p
while parent != None and node == parent.right:
node = parent
parent = parent.p
return parent
def predecessor(self, node):
parent = None
if node.left != None:
return self.maximum(node.left)
parent = node.p
while parent != None and node == parent.left:
node = parent
parent = parent.p
return parent
def insert(self, k):
t = TreeNode(k)
parent = None
node = self.root
while node != None:
parent = node
if node.key > t.key:
node = node.left
else:
node = node.right
t.p = parent
if parent == None:
self.root = t
elif t.key < parent.key:
parent.left = t
else:
parent.right = t
return t
def delete(self, node):
if node.left == None:
self.transplant(node, node.right)
elif node.right == None:
self.transplant(node, node.left)
else:
succ = self.minimum(node.right)
if succ.p != node:
self.transplant(succ, succ.right)
succ.right = node.right
succ.right.p = succ
self.transplant(node, succ)
succ.left = node.left
succ.left.p = succ
def transplant(self, node, newnode):
if node.p == None:
self.root = newnode
elif node == node.p.left:
node.p.left = newnode
else:
node.p.right = newnode
if newnode != None:
newnode.p = node.p
Cette implémentation prend en charge les opérations d'insertion, de recherche et de suppression sans détruire la structure de l'arborescence. Ce n'est pas un arbre banlancé.
# Class for construct the nodes of the tree. (Subtrees)
class Node:
def __init__(self, key, parent_node = None):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.key = key
if parent_node == None:
self.parent = self
else:
self.parent = parent_node
# Class with the structure of the tree.
# This Tree is not balanced.
class Tree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
# Insert a single element
def insert(self, x):
if(self.root == None):
self.root = Node(x)
else:
self._insert(x, self.root)
def _insert(self, x, node):
if(x < node.key):
if(node.left == None):
node.left = Node(x, node)
else:
self._insert(x, node.left)
else:
if(node.right == None):
node.right = Node(x, node)
else:
self._insert(x, node.right)
# Given a element, return a node in the tree with key x.
def find(self, x):
if(self.root == None):
return None
else:
return self._find(x, self.root)
def _find(self, x, node):
if(x == node.key):
return node
elif(x < node.key):
if(node.left == None):
return None
else:
return self._find(x, node.left)
elif(x > node.key):
if(node.right == None):
return None
else:
return self._find(x, node.right)
# Given a node, return the node in the tree with the next largest element.
def next(self, node):
if node.right != None:
return self._left_descendant(node.right)
else:
return self._right_ancestor(node)
def _left_descendant(self, node):
if node.left == None:
return node
else:
return self._left_descendant(node.left)
def _right_ancestor(self, node):
if node.key <= node.parent.key:
return node.parent
else:
return self._right_ancestor(node.parent)
# Delete an element of the tree
def delete(self, x):
node = self.find(x)
if node == None:
print(x, "isn't in the tree")
else:
if node.right == None:
if node.left == None:
if node.key < node.parent.key:
node.parent.left = None
del node # Clean garbage
else:
node.parent.right = None
del Node # Clean garbage
else:
node.key = node.left.key
node.left = None
else:
x = self.next(node)
node.key = x.key
x = None
# tests
t = Tree()
t.insert(5)
t.insert(8)
t.insert(3)
t.insert(4)
t.insert(6)
t.insert(2)
t.delete(8)
t.delete(5)
t.insert(9)
t.insert(1)
t.delete(2)
t.delete(100)
# Remember: Find method return the node object.
# To return a number use t.find(nº).key
# But it will cause an error if the number is not in the tree.
print(t.find(5))
print(t.find(8))
print(t.find(4))
print(t.find(6))
print(t.find(9))
Je sais que de nombreuses bonnes solutions ont déjà été publiées mais j'ai généralement une approche différente pour les arbres binaires: utiliser une classe Node et l'implémenter directement est plus lisible, mais lorsque vous avez beaucoup de nœuds, cela peut devenir très gourmand en mémoire, alors je suggérez d'ajouter une couche de complexité et de stocker les nœuds dans une liste python, puis de simuler un comportement d'arbre en utilisant uniquement la liste.
Vous pouvez toujours définir une classe Node pour finalement représenter les nœuds dans l'arborescence lorsque cela est nécessaire, mais les garder sous une forme simple [valeur, gauche, droite] dans une liste utilisera la moitié de la mémoire ou moins!
Voici un exemple rapide d'une classe d'arbre de recherche binaire stockant les nœuds dans un tableau. Il fournit des fonctions de base telles que l'ajout, la suppression, la recherche ...
"""
Basic Binary Search Tree class without recursion...
"""
__author__ = "@fbparis"
class Node(object):
__slots__ = "value", "parent", "left", "right"
def __init__(self, value, parent=None, left=None, right=None):
self.value = value
self.parent = parent
self.left = left
self.right = right
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s object at %s: parent=%s, left=%s, right=%s, value=%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, hex(id(self)), self.parent, self.left, self.right, self.value)
class BinarySearchTree(object):
__slots__ = "_tree"
def __init__(self, *args):
self._tree = []
if args:
for x in args[0]:
self.add(x)
def __len__(self):
return len(self._tree)
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s object at %s with %d nodes>" % (self.__class__.__name__, hex(id(self)), len(self))
def __str__(self, nodes=None, level=0):
ret = ""
if nodes is None:
if len(self):
nodes = [0]
else:
nodes = []
for node in nodes:
if node is None:
continue
ret += "-" * level + " %s\n" % self._tree[node][0]
ret += self.__str__(self._tree[node][2:4], level + 1)
if level == 0:
ret = ret.strip()
return ret
def __contains__(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][2]
else:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][3]
if node_index is None:
return False
return True
return False
def __eq__(self, other):
return self._tree == other._tree
def add(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
b = self._tree[node_index][2]
k = 2
else:
b = self._tree[node_index][3]
k = 3
if b is None:
self._tree[node_index][k] = len(self)
self._tree.append([value, node_index, None, None])
break
node_index = b
else:
self._tree.append([value, None, None, None])
def remove(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][2]
else:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][3]
if node_index is None:
raise KeyError
if self._tree[node_index][2] is not None:
b, d = 2, 3
elif self._tree[node_index][3] is not None:
b, d = 3, 2
else:
i = node_index
b = None
if b is not None:
i = self._tree[node_index][b]
while self._tree[i][d] is not None:
i = self._tree[i][d]
p = self._tree[i][1]
b = self._tree[i][b]
if p == node_index:
self._tree[p][5-d] = b
else:
self._tree[p][d] = b
if b is not None:
self._tree[b][1] = p
self._tree[node_index][0] = self._tree[i][0]
else:
p = self._tree[i][1]
if p is not None:
if self._tree[p][2] == i:
self._tree[p][2] = None
else:
self._tree[p][3] = None
last = self._tree.pop()
n = len(self)
if i < n:
self._tree[i] = last[:]
if last[2] is not None:
self._tree[last[2]][1] = i
if last[3] is not None:
self._tree[last[3]][1] = i
if self._tree[last[1]][2] == n:
self._tree[last[1]][2] = i
else:
self._tree[last[1]][3] = i
else:
raise KeyError
def find(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][2]
else:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][3]
if node_index is None:
return None
return Node(*self._tree[node_index])
return None
J'ai ajouté un attribut parent afin que vous puissiez supprimer n'importe quel nœud et conserver la structure BST.
Désolé pour la lisibilité, en particulier pour la fonction "supprimer". En gros, lorsqu'un nœud est supprimé, nous pop le tableau d'arborescence et le remplaçons par le dernier élément (sauf si nous voulions supprimer le dernier nœud). Pour maintenir la structure BST, le nœud supprimé est remplacé par le max de ses enfants de gauche ou par le min de ses enfants de droite et certaines opérations doivent être effectuées afin de garder les index valides mais c'est assez rapide.
J'ai utilisé cette technique pour des choses plus avancées pour créer des dictionnaires de gros mots avec un trie radix interne et j'ai pu diviser la consommation de mémoire par 7-8 (vous pouvez voir un exemple ici: https://gist.github.com/fbparis / b3ddd5673b603b42c880974b23db7cda )
Une bonne implémentation de l' arbre de recherche binaire , tirée d' ici :
'''
A binary search Tree
'''
from __future__ import print_function
class Node:
def __init__(self, label, parent):
self.label = label
self.left = None
self.right = None
#Added in order to delete a node easier
self.parent = parent
def getLabel(self):
return self.label
def setLabel(self, label):
self.label = label
def getLeft(self):
return self.left
def setLeft(self, left):
self.left = left
def getRight(self):
return self.right
def setRight(self, right):
self.right = right
def getParent(self):
return self.parent
def setParent(self, parent):
self.parent = parent
class BinarySearchTree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def insert(self, label):
# Create a new Node
new_node = Node(label, None)
# If Tree is empty
if self.empty():
self.root = new_node
else:
#If Tree is not empty
curr_node = self.root
#While we don't get to a leaf
while curr_node is not None:
#We keep reference of the parent node
parent_node = curr_node
#If node label is less than current node
if new_node.getLabel() < curr_node.getLabel():
#We go left
curr_node = curr_node.getLeft()
else:
#Else we go right
curr_node = curr_node.getRight()
#We insert the new node in a leaf
if new_node.getLabel() < parent_node.getLabel():
parent_node.setLeft(new_node)
else:
parent_node.setRight(new_node)
#Set parent to the new node
new_node.setParent(parent_node)
def delete(self, label):
if (not self.empty()):
#Look for the node with that label
node = self.getNode(label)
#If the node exists
if(node is not None):
#If it has no children
if(node.getLeft() is None and node.getRight() is None):
self.__reassignNodes(node, None)
node = None
#Has only right children
elif(node.getLeft() is None and node.getRight() is not None):
self.__reassignNodes(node, node.getRight())
#Has only left children
elif(node.getLeft() is not None and node.getRight() is None):
self.__reassignNodes(node, node.getLeft())
#Has two children
else:
#Gets the max value of the left branch
tmpNode = self.getMax(node.getLeft())
#Deletes the tmpNode
self.delete(tmpNode.getLabel())
#Assigns the value to the node to delete and keesp tree structure
node.setLabel(tmpNode.getLabel())
def getNode(self, label):
curr_node = None
#If the tree is not empty
if(not self.empty()):
#Get tree root
curr_node = self.getRoot()
#While we don't find the node we look for
#I am using lazy evaluation here to avoid NoneType Attribute error
while curr_node is not None and curr_node.getLabel() is not label:
#If node label is less than current node
if label < curr_node.getLabel():
#We go left
curr_node = curr_node.getLeft()
else:
#Else we go right
curr_node = curr_node.getRight()
return curr_node
def getMax(self, root = None):
if(root is not None):
curr_node = root
else:
#We go deep on the right branch
curr_node = self.getRoot()
if(not self.empty()):
while(curr_node.getRight() is not None):
curr_node = curr_node.getRight()
return curr_node
def getMin(self, root = None):
if(root is not None):
curr_node = root
else:
#We go deep on the left branch
curr_node = self.getRoot()
if(not self.empty()):
curr_node = self.getRoot()
while(curr_node.getLeft() is not None):
curr_node = curr_node.getLeft()
return curr_node
def empty(self):
if self.root is None:
return True
return False
def __InOrderTraversal(self, curr_node):
nodeList = []
if curr_node is not None:
nodeList.insert(0, curr_node)
nodeList = nodeList + self.__InOrderTraversal(curr_node.getLeft())
nodeList = nodeList + self.__InOrderTraversal(curr_node.getRight())
return nodeList
def getRoot(self):
return self.root
def __isRightChildren(self, node):
if(node == node.getParent().getRight()):
return True
return False
def __reassignNodes(self, node, newChildren):
if(newChildren is not None):
newChildren.setParent(node.getParent())
if(node.getParent() is not None):
#If it is the Right Children
if(self.__isRightChildren(node)):
node.getParent().setRight(newChildren)
else:
#Else it is the left children
node.getParent().setLeft(newChildren)
#This function traversal the tree. By default it returns an
#In order traversal list. You can pass a function to traversal
#The tree as needed by client code
def traversalTree(self, traversalFunction = None, root = None):
if(traversalFunction is None):
#Returns a list of nodes in preOrder by default
return self.__InOrderTraversal(self.root)
else:
#Returns a list of nodes in the order that the users wants to
return traversalFunction(self.root)
#Returns an string of all the nodes labels in the list
#In Order Traversal
def __str__(self):
list = self.__InOrderTraversal(self.root)
str = ""
for x in list:
str = str + " " + x.getLabel().__str__()
return str
def InPreOrder(curr_node):
nodeList = []
if curr_node is not None:
nodeList = nodeList + InPreOrder(curr_node.getLeft())
nodeList.insert(0, curr_node.getLabel())
nodeList = nodeList + InPreOrder(curr_node.getRight())
return nodeList
def testBinarySearchTree():
r'''
Example
8
/ \
3 10
/ \ \
1 6 14
/ \ /
4 7 13
'''
r'''
Example After Deletion
7
/ \
1 4
'''
t = BinarySearchTree()
t.insert(8)
t.insert(3)
t.insert(6)
t.insert(1)
t.insert(10)
t.insert(14)
t.insert(13)
t.insert(4)
t.insert(7)
#Prints all the elements of the list in order traversal
print(t.__str__())
if(t.getNode(6) is not None):
print("The label 6 exists")
else:
print("The label 6 doesn't exist")
if(t.getNode(-1) is not None):
print("The label -1 exists")
else:
print("The label -1 doesn't exist")
if(not t.empty()):
print(("Max Value: ", t.getMax().getLabel()))
print(("Min Value: ", t.getMin().getLabel()))
t.delete(13)
t.delete(10)
t.delete(8)
t.delete(3)
t.delete(6)
t.delete(14)
#Gets all the elements of the tree In pre order
#And it prints them
list = t.traversalTree(InPreOrder, t.root)
for x in list:
print(x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
testBinarySearchTree()
Je veux montrer une variante de la méthode de @ apadana, qui est plus utile lorsqu'il y a un nombre considérable de nœuds:
'''
Suppose we have the following tree
10
/ \
11 9
/ \ / \
7 12 15 8
'''
# Step 1 - Create nodes - Use a list instead of defining each node separately
nlist = [10,11,7,9,15,8,12]; n = []
for i in range(len(nlist)): n.append(Node(nlist[i]))
# Step 2 - Set each node position
n[0].left = n[1]
n[1].left = n[2]
n[0].right = n[3]
n[3].left = n[4]
n[3].right = n[5]
n[1].right = n[6]
class Node:
"""
single Node for tree
"""
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.right = None
self.left = None
class binaryTree:
"""
binary tree implementation
"""
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def push(self, element, node=None):
if node is None:
node = self.root
if self.root is None:
self.root = Node(element)
else:
if element < node.data:
if node.left is not None:
self.push(element, node.left)
else:
node.left = Node(element)
else:
if node.right is not None:
self.push(element, node.right)
else:
node.right = Node(element)
def __str__(self):
self.printInorder(self.root)
return "\n"
def printInorder(self, node):
"""
print tree in inorder
"""
if node is not None:
self.printInorder(node.left)
print(node.data)
self.printInorder(node.right)
def main():
"""
Main code and logic comes here
"""
tree = binaryTree()
tree.push(5)
tree.push(3)
tree.push(1)
tree.push(3)
tree.push(0)
tree.push(2)
tree.push(9)
tree.push(10)
print(tree)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Arbre binaire en Python
class Tree(object):
def __init__(self):
self.data=None
self.left=None
self.right=None
def insert(self, x, root):
if root==None:
t=node(x)
t.data=x
t.right=None
t.left=None
root=t
return root
elif x<root.data:
root.left=self.insert(x, root.left)
else:
root.right=self.insert(x, root.right)
return root
def printTree(self, t):
if t==None:
return
self.printTree(t.left)
print t.data
self.printTree(t.right)
class node(object):
def __init__(self, x):
self.x=x
bt=Tree()
root=None
n=int(raw_input())
a=[]
for i in range(n):
a.append(int(raw_input()))
for i in range(n):
root=bt.insert(a[i], root)
bt.printTree(root)
Voici une solution simple qui peut être utilisée pour construire un arbre binaire en utilisant une approche récursive pour afficher l'arbre dans l'ordre que la traversée a été utilisée dans le code ci-dessous.
class Node(object):
def __init__(self):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.value = None
@property
def get_value(self):
return self.value
@property
def get_left(self):
return self.left
@property
def get_right(self):
return self.right
@get_left.setter
def set_left(self, left_node):
self.left = left_node
@get_value.setter
def set_value(self, value):
self.value = value
@get_right.setter
def set_right(self, right_node):
self.right = right_node
def create_tree(self):
_node = Node() #creating new node.
_x = input("Enter the node data(-1 for null)")
if(_x == str(-1)): #for defining no child.
return None
_node.set_value = _x #setting the value of the node.
print("Enter the left child of {}".format(_x))
_node.set_left = self.create_tree() #setting the left subtree
print("Enter the right child of {}".format(_x))
_node.set_right = self.create_tree() #setting the right subtree.
return _node
def pre_order(self, root):
if root is not None:
print(root.get_value)
self.pre_order(root.get_left)
self.pre_order(root.get_right)
if __name__ == '__main__':
node = Node()
root_node = node.create_tree()
node.pre_order(root_node)
Code extrait de: Arbre binaire en Python