Votre mission est d'écrire une fonction / programme qui convertit un tableau d'octets (ie: un tableau d'entiers de 0 à 255) en base64.

L'utilisation d'encodeurs base64 intégrés n'est pas autorisée.

L'implémentation base64 requise est RFC 2045. (en utilisant "+", "/" et un remplissage obligatoire avec "=")

Le code le plus court (en octets) gagne!

Exemple:

Entrée (tableau int): [99, 97, 102, 195, 169]

Sortie (chaîne): Y2Fmw6k=

JavaScript, 177 187 198 personnages

function(d){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87)))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c}

Pour ajouter des sauts de ligne, \r\naprès chaque 76ème caractère, ajoutez 23 caractères au code:

function(d){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87))+(75==(a-1)%76?"\r\n":""))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c}

Code de démonstration:

var encode = function(d,a,e,b,c,f){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87))+(75==(a-1)%76?"\r\n":""))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c};

//OP test case
console.log(encode([99, 97, 102, 195, 169])); // outputs "Y2Fmw6k=".

//Quote from Hobbes' Leviathan:
console.log(
 encode(
  ("Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from " +
   "other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight " +
   "in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short " +
   "vehemence of any carnal pleasure.")
  .split('').map(function(i){return i.charCodeAt(0)})
 )
);

Assemblage x86 32 bits, 59 octets

Code octet:

66 B8 0D 0A 66 AB 6A 14 5A 4A 74 F4 AD 4E 45 0F C8 6A 04 59 C1 C0 06 24 3F 3C 3E 72 05 C0
E0 02 2C 0E 2C 04 3C 30 7D 08 04 45 3C 5A 76 02 04 06 AA 4D E0 E0 75 D3 B0 3D F3 AA C3

Démontage:

b64_newline:
    mov     ax, 0a0dh
    stosw
b64encode:
    push    (76 shr 2) + 1
    pop     edx
b64_outer:
    dec     edx
    je      b64_newline
    lodsd
    dec     esi
    inc     ebp
    bswap   eax
    push    4
    pop     ecx
b64_inner:
    rol     eax, 6
    and     al, 3fh
    cmp     al, 3eh
    jb      b64_testchar
    shl     al, 2     ;'+' and '/' differ by only 1 bit
    sub     al, ((3eh shl 2) + 'A' - '+') and 0ffh
b64_testchar:
    sub     al, 4
    cmp     al, '0'
    jnl     b64_store ;l not b because '/' is still < 0 here
    add     al, 'A' + 4
    cmp     al, 'Z'
    jbe     b64_store
    add     al, 'a' - 'Z' - 1
b64_store:
    stosb
    dec     ebp
    loopne  b64_inner
    jne     b64_outer
    mov     al, '='
    rep     stosb
    ret

Appelez b64encode avec esi pointant vers le tampon d'entrée, edi pointant vers le tampon de sortie.

Il pourrait être encore plus petit si le retour à la ligne n'est pas utilisé.

perl, 126 octets

lit stdin, sort vers stdout

$/=$\;print map{$l=y///c/2%3;[A..Z,a..z,0..9,"+","/"]->[oct"0b".substr$_.0 x4,0,6],$l?"="x(3-$l):""}unpack("B*",<>)=~/.{1,6}/g

non golfé:

my @x = ('A'..'Z','a'..'z',0..9,'+','/');
my $in = join '', <>;
my $bits = unpack 'B*', $in;
my @six_bit_groups = $bits =~ /.{1,6}/g;
for my $sixbits (@six_bit_groups) {
  next unless defined $sixbits;
  $l=length($sixbits)/2%3;
  my $zero_padded = $sixbits . ( "0" x 4 );
  my $padded_bits = substr( $zero_padded, 0, 6 );
  my $six_bit_int = oct "0b" . $padded_bits;
  print $x[$six_bit_int];
  print "=" x (3 - $l)  if  $l;
}

Perl, 147 octets

sub b{$f=(3-($#_+1)%3)%3;$_=unpack'B*',pack'C*',@_;@r=map{(A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/')[oct"0b$_"]}/.{1,6}/g;$"='';join"\r\n",("@r".'='x$f)=~/.{1,76}/g}

La fonction prend une liste d'entiers en entrée et sort la chaîne, codée en base64.

Exemple:

print b(99, 97, 102, 195, 169)

impressions

Y2Fmw6kA

Non golfé:

Version qui visualise également les étapes intermédiaires:

sub b {
    # input array: @_
    # number of elements: $#_ + 1 ($#_ is zero-based index of last element in 
    $fillbytes = (3 - ($#_ + 1) % 3) % 3;
      # calculate the number for the needed fill bytes
      print "fillbytes:       $fillbytes\n";
    $byte_string = pack 'C*', @_;
      # the numbers are packed as octets to a binary string
      # (binary string not printed)
    $bit_string = unpack 'B*', $byte_string;
      # the binary string is converted to its bit representation, a string wit
      print "bit string:      \"$bit_string\"\n";
    @six_bit_strings = $bit_string =~ /.{1,6}/g;
      # group in blocks of 6 bit
      print "6-bit strings:   [@six_bit_strings]\n";
    @index_positions = map { oct"0b$_" } @six_bit_strings;
      # convert bit string to number
      print "index positions: [@index_positions]\n";
    @alphabet = (A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/');
      # the alphabet for base64
    @output_chars = map { $alphabet[$_] } @index_positions;
      # output characters with wrong last characters that entirely derived fro
      print "output chars:    [@output_chars]\n";
    local $" = ''; #"
    $output_string = "@output_chars";
      # array to string without space between elements ($")
      print "output string:   \"$output_string\"\n";
    $result = $output_string .= '=' x $fillbytes;
      # add padding with trailing '=' characters
      print "result:          \"$result\"\n";
    $formatted_result = join "\r\n", $result =~ /.{1,76}/g;
      # maximum line length is 76 and line ends are "\r\n" according to RFC 2045
      print "formatted result:\n$formatted_result\n";
    return $formatted_result;
}

Production:

fillbytes:       1
bit string:      "0110001101100001011001101100001110101001"
6-bit strings:   [011000 110110 000101 100110 110000 111010 1001]
index positions: [24 54 5 38 48 58 9]
output chars:    [Y 2 F m w 6 J]
output string:   "Y2Fmw6J"
result:          "Y2Fmw6J="
formatted result:
Y2Fmw6J=

Tests:

Les chaînes de test proviennent de l'exemple de la question des exemples dans l'article Wikipedia pour Base64 .

sub b{$f=(3-($#_+1)%3)%3;$_=unpack'B*',pack'C*',@_;@r=map{(A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/')[oct"0b$_"]}/.{1,6}/g;$"='';join"\r\n",("@r".'='x$f)=~/.{1,76}/g}

sub test ($) {
   print b(map {ord($_)} $_[0] =~ /./sg), "\n\n";
}

my $str = <<'END_STR';
Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from
other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight
in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short
vehemence of any carnal pleasure.
END_STR
chomp $str;

test "\143\141\146\303\251";
test $str;
test "any carnal pleasure.";
test "any carnal pleasure";
test "any carnal pleasur";
test "any carnal pleasu";
test "any carnal pleas";
test "pleasure.";
test "leasure.";
test "easure.";
test "asure.";
test "sure.";

Sortie de test:

TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlz
IHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbQpvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2Yg
dGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodAppbiB0aGUgY29udGlu
dWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRo
ZSBzaG9ydAp2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZSO=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZSO=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZB==

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3Vy

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3F=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhcD==

cGxlYXN1cmUu

bGVhc3VyZSO=

ZWFzdXJlLC==

YXN1cmUu

c3VyZSO=

Python, 234 caractères

def F(s):
 R=range;A=R(65,91)+R(97,123)+R(48,58)+[43,47];n=len(s);s+=[0,0];r='';i=0
 while i<n:
  if i%57<1:r+='\r\n'
  for j in R(4):r+=chr(A[s[i]*65536+s[i+1]*256+s[i+2]>>18-6*j&63])
  i+=3
 k=-n%3
 if k:r=r[:-k]+'='*k
 return r[2:]

GolfScript, 80 (77) octets

~.,~)3%:P[0]*+[4]3*\+256base 64base{'+/''A[a{:0'{,^}/=}/{;}P*'='P*]4>76/"\r
":n*

Ce qui précède tiendra exactement 76 caractères dans une ligne, à l'exception de la dernière ligne. Toutes les lignes sont terminées par CRLF.

Notez que RFC 2045 spécifie une longueur de ligne maximale variable de 76 caractères, donc au prix d'une jolie sortie, nous pouvons économiser 3 octets supplémentaires.

~.,~)3%:P[0]*+[4]3*\+256base 64base{'+/''A[a{:0'{,^}/=}/{;}P*'='P*]4>{13]n+}/

Ce qui précède imprimera un caractère par ligne, à l'exception de la dernière ligne, qui peut contenir 0, 1 ou 2 =caractères. GolfScript ajoutera également un LF final, qui, selon la RFC 2045, doit être ignoré par le logiciel de décodage.

Exemple

$ echo '[99 97 102 195 169]' | golfscript base64.gs | cat -A
Y2Fmw6k=^M$
$ echo [ {0..142} ] | golfscript base64.gs | cat -A
AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjJCUmJygpKissLS4vMDEyMzQ1Njc4^M$
OTo7PD0+P0BBQkNERUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWltcXV5fYGFiY2RlZmdoaWprbG1ub3Bx^M$
cnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn+AgYKDhIWGh4iJiouMjY4=^M$
$ echo '[99 97 102 195 169]' | golfscript base64-sneaky.gs | cat -A
Y^M$
2^M$
F^M$
m^M$
w^M$
6^M$
k^M$
=^M$
$

Comment ça fonctionne

~          # Interpret the input string.
.,~)3%:P   # Calculate the number of bytes missing to yield a multiple of 3 and save in “P”.
[0]*+      # Append that many zero bytes to the input array.
[4]3*\+    # Prepend 3 bytes to the input array to avoid issues with leading zeros.
256base    # Convert the input array into an integer.
64base     # Convert that integer to base 64.
{          # For each digit:
  '+/'     # Push '+/'.
  'A[a{:0' # Push 'A[a{:0'.
  {        # For each byte in 'A[a{:0':
    ,      # Push the array of all bytes up to that byte.
    ^      # Take the symmetric difference with the array below it.
  }/       # Result: 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
  =        # Retrieve the character corresponding to the digit.
}/         #
{;}P*'='P* # Replace the last “P” characters with a string containing that many “=” chars.
]          # Collect all bytes on the stack into an array.
4>         # Remove the first four, which correspond to the 3 prepended bytes.
76/        # Collect all bytes on the stack into an array and split into 76-byte chunks.
"\r\n":n*  # Join the chunks with separator CRLF and save CRLF as the new line terminator.

PHP , 200 octets

<?foreach($g=$_GET as$k=>$v)$b[$k/3^0]+=256**(2-$k%3)*$v;for(;$i<62;)$s.=chr($i%26+[65,97,48][$i++/26]);foreach($b as$k=>$v)for($i=4;$i--;$p++)$r.=("$s+/=")[count($g)*4/3<$p?64:($v/64**$i)%64];echo$r;

Essayez-le en ligne!

Vous pouvez remplacer la chaîne ("$s+/=")par un tableauarray_merge(range(A,Z),range(a,z),range(0,9),["+","/","="])

Uniquement pour comparer le nombre d'octets pouvant atteindre avec un intégré non autorisé

PHP , 45 octets

<?=base64_encode(join(array_map(chr,$_GET)));

Essayez-le en ligne!

JavaScript (ES6), 220B

f=a=>{for(s=a.map(e=>('0000000'+e.toString(2)).slice(-8)).join(p='');s.length%6;p+='=')s+='00';return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(e=>'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'[parseInt(e,2)]).join('')+p}

Si votre navigateur ne prend pas en charge ES6, vous pouvez essayer avec cette version (262B):

function f(a){for(s=a.map(function(e){return ('0000000'+e.toString(2)).slice(-8)}).join(p='');s.length%6;p+='=')s+='00';return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(function(e){return 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'[parseInt(e,2)]}).join('')+p}

f([99, 97, 102, 195, 169])retourne "Y2Fmw6k=".

Python - 310, 333

def e(b):
  l=len;c="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";r=p="";d=l(b)%3
  if d>0:d=abs(d-3);p+="="*d;b+=[0]*d
  for i in range(0,l(b)-1,3):
    if l(r)%76==0:r+="\r\n"
    n=(b[i]<<16)+(b[i+1]<<8)+b[i+2];x=(n>>18)&63,(n>>12)&63,(n>>6)&63,n&63;r+=c[x[0]]+c[x[1]]+c[x[2]]+c[x[3]]
  return r[:l(r)-l(p)]+p

Assez peu golfé:

def e( b ):
    c = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
    r = p = ""
    d = len( b ) % 3

    if d > 0:
        d = abs( d - 3 )
        p = "=" * d
        b + = [0] * d

    for i in range( 0, len( b ) - 1, 3 ):
        if len( r ) % 76 == 0:
            r += "\r\n"

        n = ( b[i] << 16 ) + ( b[i + 1] << 8 ) + b[i + 2]
        x = ( n >> 18 ) & 63, ( n >> 12 ) & 63, ( n >> 6) & 63, n & 63
        r += c[x[0]] + c[x[1]] + c[x[2]] + c[x[3]]

    return r[:len( r ) - len( p )] + p

Exemple :

Le module base64 intégré de Python est uniquement utilisé dans cet exemple pour garantir que la efonction a la sortie correcte, la efonction elle-même ne l'utilise pas.

from base64 import encodestring as enc

test = [ 99, 97, 102, 195, 169 ]
str  = "".join( chr( x ) for x in test )

control = enc( str ).strip()
output = e( test )

print output            # => Y2Fmw6k=
print control == output # => True

Gelée , 38 octets

s3z0Zµḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z;€“ƽ‘Ọ

Essayez-le en ligne!

Comme (presque) toutes les autres réponses couvrent l'exigence RFC2045 de "au plus 76 caractères par ligne avec fin de ligne \r\n", je l'ai suivie.

Comment ça fonctionne

s3z0Zµḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z;€“ƽ‘Ọ    Monadic main link. Input: list of bytes

s3z0Z    Slice into 3-item chunks, transpose with 0 padding, transpose back
         Equivalent to "pad to length 3n, then slice into chunks"

µḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)    Convert each chunk to base64
 ḅ⁹b64         Convert base 256 to integer, then to base 64
      ‘ịØb     Increment (Jelly is 1-based) and index into base64 digits

FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z    Add correct "=" padding
F                  Flatten the list of strings to single string
 Ṗ      ¡          Repeat "remove last" n times, where
  ³LN%3¤             n = (- input length) % 3
         s4z”=Z    Pad "=" to length 4n, then slice into 4-item chunks

;€“ƽ‘Ọ    Add "\r\n" line separator
;€         Append to each line:
  “ƽ‘       Codepage-encoded list [13,10]
      Ọ    Apply `chr` to numbers; effectively add "\r\n"